Adel Abdel Ghafar is a nonresident fellow in the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution and a fellow at the Brookings Doha Center, where he was previously acting director of research. He is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University’s School of Foreign Service in Qatar. He specializes in political economy and his research interests include state-society relations, socioeconomic development, and foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa. Abdel Ghafar is the author and editor of several volumes and reports, including: Egyptians in Revolt: The Political Economy of Labor and Student Mobilizations 1919-2011 (Routledge, 2017), A Stable Egypt for a Stable Region (European Parliament, 2018),  The European Union and North Africa: Prospects and Challenges (Brookings Institution Press, 2019), China and North Africa: Between Economics, Politics and Security (I.B. Tauris, 2021), The European Union and the GCC: Towards a New Path ( Palgrave MacMillan, 2021), and The Middle East: Revolution or Reform?  (Melbourne University Press, 2014). He has prepared studies and consulted for various international and intergovernmental organizations and government agencies, including the European Union, the U.K. Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office, and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Abdel Ghafar has a background in international banking and finance and has worked for a number of financial institutions, including HSBC and Citigroup. Abdel Ghafar holds a doctorate in political science and international relations from the Australian National University.